Unit-bar for concrete construction.



' -No."890,032. PATENTED JUNE 9, 1908. J. 0. BLLINGBR. UNIT BAR FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION r L n .1 90s.

I B SEPT Mums-SHEET 1.

No. 890,032. v PATE'NTED JUNE 9, 1908. J. 0. ELLINGBR. Q

UNITIBAR FOR CONCRETE. CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED E2118 1 06.

v s 9 Z-BHEETS-BEBET 2.

*ULiANo. ELLINGER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

- UNIT-BAR non CONCRETE cons'rnuc'rron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented June 9, 1908.

Application filed September 1a, 1906. Serial No. 335,112.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JULIAN O ELLINoER,

acitizen of the United States, and residing in the city of New York, county of New York, and State of New York, have" invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Unit-Bars for Concrete Construction, of which the following is av specification.

Because of many well known advantages thereof over masonry and other building .materials, concrete, beton and like plastic. com osltions are now commonly used in.

buil ing walls, floorsetc. Such material is capable of withstanding enormous compression strains, but has little'power of resistance to tension and shearing stresses. It is therefore common to reinforce them against such stresses by embedding metal therein'in the process of molding the concrete to form the article intended, such as afbeam, a girder or the like? Unit bars are commonly or frequently used as the reinforcing element in these composite structures and the present invention relatesto such bars.

. It has for its principal aim the provision of a unit bar which will have maximum efficiency. a

In the accomplishment of the aim herein set forth, I have provided a unit bar which has a plurality of longitudinally extending tensile members connected with each other and held in proper relation at all times by a series of elements which extend transversely being apparent that if the metal- Irom which.

of the bar and are bent intermediate of their ends to form straps or loops which open downward and have theirfree ends fixedly connected to the tension members. These elements rise from the tension members and connect the latter with each other. They assume shearing stresses and transmit strains to the tenslon members. They are so arranged as-to engage the concrete between their limbs with their flat surfaces. W hen, as in the-form herein shown and preferred, they are made integral with the tension members, it is of great advantage, that the web connecting the tension members with each other be. cut crosswise. to. produce these transverse elements, for the reasonthat by so forming them they may be .of'

length adapted to inclose' -a'c0ns1derable portion .of the concrete in which the reinforcement is embedded .and at the same time may- .be disposedclosely together; it

number of times which their ength will go into the bar, so that if madelong enough to extend around the main art of the concrete their distance apart wil be too great and their number too few effectually to support the reinforcement on the main body of the concrete and to reinforce the latter, which functions they subserve in the resent structure; Their action is supp emented by other projecting members, each of which is attached to a tension member at one end and has its other end free. These supplemental members ma project from the tension members, at di erent'angles with relation thereto than do the loops or stirrups, hereinbefore referred to. In addition to the foregoing elements, the bar is also provided at predetermined places with other projections which respectively extend horizontally so, and are adapted to engage the sides and bottom of the mold and serve the purposes of stops or guides to determine the proper position of the bar in the mold and supports to hold it in. such position during the formation of the beam or other article being made, and in the finished article.

The construction of unit bar hereinbefore generally described not only has the advantages indicated, but it lends itself very readily to a mode of producing. the same from one piece of metal, which mode is hereinafter described.

My invention consists in certain peculiarities in the construction and arrangement of parts and in certainnovel combinations of elements substantially as hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the subjoined claims.

. The accom anying drawings illustrate pre ferred embo iments of the invention, and in said drawings: Figure 1 is a lan View of the blank from which the unit ar is produced, said blank being shown in the form which it has in the initial stage of the manufacture.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the same. Fig. 3 is a lan View of the blank in its finished form, that 1s to say, after it has been cut, but before it has I is a detail View, similar to Fig. 2, of a slightly modified form of theblank. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the completed bar made from the blank shown in Fig, 6. Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view through a former containing the unit bar, showing the manner in which the unit bar centers itself therein.

The same characters of reference designate the same parts in the several views. I will first describe the preferred form of the unit bar in detail and will then set forth one mode of its roduction, when all its parts are of integral ormation. The tension element has two members 1 and 2 which are located side by side and are connected with each other at intervals by There may be any deloops or stirrups 3. sired number of these loops or stirrups at each side of the longitudina center of thejbar and they preferably are inclined, and those at one side of the center of the bar are preferably inclined in 'a direction which is oppo- 1 site to that of those at theother side of said center. As already indicated said loops serve to connect the tension membersor bars '1 and 2 with each other and hold the same in proper relative position, and support the bars y their engagement with the main body of concrete, which they encircle, and moreover act efficiently to resist the shearing strain to which the article is subjected in useand elliciently transmit stresses into the tension member 1 and 2.- Their number, position and inclination may vary with different reguirements of use, it being especially to be noted that the construction of the bar is suchthat these loops or stirrups 3 may be of any desired number and arranged at any desired distance apart, within the limits of the bar, and extend at any desired angle or angles with respect to each other and. to the tension members 1 and 2. The unit bar further comprises additional projecting elements 4,

hereinafter referred to as projecting strips, which extend from the respective tension bars 1 and 2, are spaced apart thereon and project at any desired angle with relation thereto. These projecting strips -may in .some cases be dispensed with, the parts formother plastic material X the lugs 5 centering the bar laterally and the lugs 6 centering thev same vertically. By this means accuracy in the positioning of the bar in the form and in the article is assured without requiring special attentionon the part of the workman.

Having thus set forth the structure of the unit bar, I will next proceed to describe one as shown, that the lines'of removal be such ditions of use.

the bars are centered and supported.

way by which the same may be produced. The first .step in the formation of the'bar is the production of what may be termed an initial blank, as A (Figs. 1 and 2). This blank is of any suitable length and width and comprises a body or web and havingits lon itudinal edges in the form of bars a a his blank is preferably formed by rolling and 'the bars a a are preferably circular in cross section, though anyother form may be used. The next step in the production of the unit bar is theremoval from the web a portions a? of the metal thereof, leaving s aced strips 1) b and tabs or ears, 0 and c"- It is preferred,

that each or all of the strips 1) 1) formed thereby have a pair of limbs arranged diagonally to the longitudinal bars and joining each other atthe transverse central line of the blank, toward which line the limbs con- 35 verge, but any other formation may be made. It will be apparent that the lines of the cut will depend upon and determine the number and osition of the strips 1) b and tabs 0 and a le t after the metal, a has been removed, and this may be varied to suit different con- Thus, as shown in Fig. 3, the strips 11 b are approximately V sha ed with a all their limbs arranged at an ang e of approximately 45 degrees to the bars a and a and with those at one side of the longitudinal center of the blank pointingin' one direction and those at the other side of said center pointing inthe opposite direction; while in the form of blank A 9, shown in Fig. 6, the lines of out are such that some of the strips as (2 and 12 are of approximately V form with their limbs at angles of 45 degrees to the bars a and 0, others (as b. and 1)) are of V form with the limbs at greater angles than. 45 degrees, others (as I) and b areof V form with their limbs at lesser angles than 45 degrees, and stillothers (as I) and 12"") extend directly across from one bar to the other. It is to be understood that this figure is merely for the purpose of exemplifying some of many different forms of cuts which may be made to produce corresponding different shapes and arrangementof connecting strips, and that the arrangement shown is purely an arbitrary 115 Qne which may be varied at will. It will be seen thatthe blank now formed has within it the elements which constitute all. themembers of the unit bar hereinbefore referred to,

it being ap arent that the bars a and a of 1 the blank and the bars a and a? of the blank A, form the tension elements of the respective unitbars; that the strips b and b of the one form, and 6, 5 1), 11,1)", b and 5 ,1) of the other form, are adapted to form the loops and projecting strips of their respective forms of unit bars and thetabs or ears 0 and c constitute what in the finished unit bars are the ears or lugs 5 and 6 by which ,erly to form the centering and supporting It should be noted that the strips as b", b

b b and b, which are to constitute the projecting strips 4 of the one form, 4, of the other form of the unit bar, are severed at a suitable point, as for example at the junction of their converging or diverging members, as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4. This may be done at thesame time the web is punched out on the dotted linesto form the strips and cars.

What may constitute the final step may now be performed. This step cons sts in subjecting the blank to lateral compression, wherebyqits longitudinal bars are brought closer together and the strips connecting the same are bent. It will be apparent that the strips, as b, b, b, I) and I1 which connectthe bars and which are not themselves out or severed at any point, .assume, when the bars are subjected to the lateral compression described, the loop or stirrup form, herein shown stri s, which are severed as described, essential y assume a different angle, their elements separating from each other due to the severance thereof. It is to be understood that in some forms of my unit bar the strip b may not be severedzto form the supplementstrip 4. When not severed they form loops or stirrups when the tension bars are moved to:- wards each other. This compression step is carried out on a suitable former adapted to the purpose and preferably by a machine or a aratus which is ada ted to press both s1 es of the blank towar each other. At a proper time, and this may be during the com pression ste just described, the lugs or ears and c are ent in different directions propguides. 5 and 6 described. By these operations'I have provided a unit bar having the characteristic features set forth; that is to say I have provided a reinforcing bar for concrete and other compositions or materials,

which-comprises a plurality of tension meni-.

bers, loops connecting the same, projecting strips, extending from the tensionmembers and having a different angle from that of the loops, and ears or lugs which act as stops to determine the position of the bar and to support it in such position; all of such arts integral with the tension membersan the entire bar capable of being stamped or punched from a single iece of metal. already stated the metal may be punched out so that the strips which constitute the loops and the projecting strips may be given any desired angle to give the proper tension to the bar when the concrete is formed around it, and some of the stri s or loops may have one angle and other of t e strips or loops may [have a different angle or angles, as already shown, and this feature is one of prime importance. Such a bar 'is obviously of maximum efficiency and may be made at a mini mum cost by the method herein described;

as of inverted V shape; while the remaining Moreover, as

If desired, one or more'cross rods, as 8, j

may be rovided to assure the retentionldf the tension members-1n thelr, roper positions, said cross rods being pre erably .su ported in eyes in the loo s 3 and having hol ding nuts or other suitab e fastening-means.

It is to beunderstood that many forms v other than'those herein'set forth, and many apparentlygwidely different variations of the invention may be made within the s hit of 1 the invention as expressed by the suejoin ed claims, for which reason the forms of the invention'herein described, or shown inthe accompanying drawings shall be-interpreted as illustrative and not as restrictive of the 1 claims, L

I desire it, also to be understood that the language used in the following-claims is in tended'to cover all of the generic and specific features "of the invention herein described and all statements, or matterrelating to or bearing upon the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween. v

Having now described myinvention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1s; i

-1. In a unitary reinforcing means fora 'concrete or cementitious bodythe combination with main longitudinal reinforcing bars 3 or tension members arranged on each side thereof, of an open web connectmg the same and const1tut1n a series of arched shear members extending transversely from the tension members and engaging flatwise the main body of theconcrete, said shear mem here being fixedly united to said main bars or tension members,

2. In a unitary reinforcing means for a concrete' or cementitious body, the cornbination with main longitudinal reinforcing bars. or tension members arranged on each side thereof, of an open web-integral with the said tension members connecting the same and constituting a series of arched shear members extendingtransversely from the tension membersand engaging fiatwise main body of" the concrete. 7

'3. In a unitary reinforcing means for a concrete or cementitious' body, the combina tion with main longitudinal reinforcing bars or tension members arranged on each side the thereof, of an open web integral with and connecting the said tension members con stitutmg a serles of archedshear members" and strlps extendlng'transversely from the tension members and engaging flatwise the main body of the concrete. 7 4. In a unitary rei'forcing means-for a concrete or cementitiousbody, the combination with main longitudinal reinforcing bars or tension members arranged on each side thereof, of an open web integral with and connecting the said tension members con-..

., stituting a series ofwarched shear members extending transversely and strips extending i1 wardly from the tension members and inc med at an angle each Way from the center thereof, and engaging fiatwise the main body of the concrete;

5. In a unitary reinforcing. means for a concrete or cementitious body, the combination with main longitudinal reinforcing bars or tension members arranged on each side thereof, of a series of transversely extending arched shear members fixedly united to said bars and connecting the same with each other, and strips projecting from said bars other material, having its tension member composed of a plurality of elements having a series of projecting members fixedly united thereto, one ormoreof said projecting mem bers forming loops which connect thetension members with each other and one or more of the projecting. members having free .ends.

8. A reinforcing means for concrete and other material, having its tension member composed of a plurality of elements having a series of projecting members formed integral therewith and extending therefrom at differ.- ent angles, one or more of said projecting members forming loops which connect the tension members with each other and one or more of the projecting members having free ends. 7 I 9. A reinforcing means for concrete and other material, having a tension element composed of a plurality of members, and its said members provided with a series of projections some of which have free ends and others of which extend continuously from one of said. members to the other. a 10. A reinforcing means for concrete and other material, having a tension element composed of a plurality-of members,-and its said members provided with a series of projections formed integral therewith, some of said projections having free ends and others extending continuously from one of said members to the other.

11. A reinforcing means for concrete and other material, having a tension element composed of apluralitof members and its said members provide with'a series of projections which extend therefrom at varying angles, some of said projections having free ends and others being arched and extending angles.

continuously from one of saidmembers to] the other.

' 12. A reinforcing means for concrete and other material, having a tension element composed of a plurali'tyof members, and its said members provided with a series of pro-- jections which are formed integral therewith other material, having a tension element composed of a plurality of spaced members, loops or stirrups connecting said members with each other and strips projecting from said members and having free ends, said loops .and strips being arranged at difierent 14. A reinforcing means for concrete and other material, comprising a tension element composed of a plurality of members,

loops or'stirrups connecting said members with each other, strips extending from said members and having free erids and devices for positiomng the remforcmg means.

15. A reinforcing means for concrete and other'material, comprising a tension element composed of a plurality of members,

loops orstirrups connecting said members" with each other, strips extending from said members and having free ends, and devices for positioning the reinforcing means, said positioning devices having laterally and downwardly extending elements.

16. A remforcing means for concrete and other material, comprising a tension ele ment composed of a plurality of members, loops or stirrups connecting said members. witheach other, strips having free ends,

I extending from said members at different angles from the loops or stirrups, and devices'for positioning the re nforcing means.

17. A reinforcing means for concrete and other material, comprising a tension element composed of a plurality of members, loops or stirrups connecting said members with each other, strips having free ends, extending from said members at different anglesfrom the loops or stirrups, and positioning devices having laterally and downwardly extending elements adapted to engage sides of a form.

18. .In a unitary reinforcing means for a concrete or cementitious body, the combination with main longitudinal reinforcing bars or tension members arranged on each side thereof, transversely extending straps or loops connecting saidbars and strips projecting from said bars and having free ends, said straps or loops and strips being arranged alternately along the length of the bar. I

19. In a unitary reinforcing means for a j concrete or cementitious body, the combinav r tion with main longitudinal reinforcing bars or tension members arranged on each side thereof, of an open welr fixedly united with the said tension members, connecting the same .and' formed to provide a series of arched shear members'and strips, arranged alternately, and engaging fiatwise the'main body of the concrete.

20. In a unitary reinforcing means for a concrete or cementitious body the combination with main longitudinal reinforcing bars or tension'members arrangedon' each side.

thereof, of an open Web connecting the same and formed toprovide a series of arched shearmembers extending transversely from the tension members and arranged at varying distances afiart and engaging flatwise the main body of t e concrete.

21. In a unitary reinforcing means for a. F i

In presence of.

concrete or cementitious body the combina t1on with main longltndinal relnforcm bars or tension members arranged on eac side T thereofyof an open web connecting the same andaformed to' provide a" series of-arched inclination an body of the concrete;..

22. A, rei.. i" orcing means for concrete. and

other material, having its tension member composed of a plurality ofelements; and inclined loops connecting said elements with each other andfixedly united, thereto and arranged to have fiatwise' engagement with the main body-of the material. I

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand at the city co un'ty, and State of ew. ,York, this 10th day of September, I906.

JULIAN O. ELLINGERQ JAs. E. PAYNE, AUGUs'rn NAMUR. 

